有限责任公司的股东除名制度研究

Study on Expulsion System of Shareholder in Limited Liability System

除名制度在有限责任公司中的制度价值包括维护公司资本的真实、惩罚股东严重损害公司利益的行为、维护股东间的信任与公司秩序以及实现公司的个性化自治。股东除名的适用情形来自于三个方面的界定,一是公司立法规定严重的瑕疵出资等公认的适用情形,二是公司章程关于除名事由的特别规定,三是将概括的"重大事由"作为有弹性的适用情形,留给司法的有弹性的适用。由于股东除名涉及公司多个利害关系人之间的身份关系、财产关系等多重利益关系的变动,因而需要建立严谨的除名程序与诉讼救济措施,以防止股东除名制度被滥用。

The shareholders expulsion system in limited companies has a variety of value, which includes ensuring the au- thenticity of the company＇s capital, punishing the grievously harmful behavior done by shareholders to company＇s interest, maintaining the confidence among shareholders, keeping the normal orders in company, and facilitating company＇s characterized autonomy. The situations to which the expulsion mechanism should be applied are defined by three origins： first, the statutes on companies, which stipulate certain widely acknowledged applicable situations, such as the defective capital contribu- tion; second, some special provisions in company＇s by--laws, which provides certain reasons to expulse a shareholder; third, the judicial authority, which could make flexible decisions based on whether there are certain ＂material reasons ＂ for a expul- sion. The spectrum of ＂material reasons＂ here is flexible. Since the change of multiply interest relations, such as the status and property relations among various stockholders of a company is involved in an expulsion, a strict expulsion procedure and a judicial relief mechanism should be established, to prevent the possible abuse of expulsion system.