刑事错案救济机制的西方经验及其借鉴——以两大法系主要国家为参照

Western Experience on Remedy Mechanism of Wrongful Conviction and Its Reference

世界上任何一个国家的刑事诉讼实践都无法完全避免出现错案。英美法系国家建立了较为完备的刑事错案发现和纠正机制,大陆法系国家则运用传统的再审程序对刑事错案进行救济。相比之下,我国刑事错案的救济机制则显得较为落后。完善我国的刑事错案救济机制除了更新司法理念和改革完善相关的程序制度外,更为重要的是应该在错案发现环节上,建立独立的机构并重视科技手段的运用和民间力量的参与。

During the criminal justice practice, it is impossible to ensure that there is not any wrongful conviction for any country. Anglo--American law system countries establish relatively complete mechanisms to discover and correct wrongful convictions, while continental law system countries approach this target by applying the traditional retrial process. By contrast, remedy mechanisms for miscarriages of justice in China are backward. Apart from updating the judicial philosophy and reforming relevant regulations of criminal process, improving the link of discovering wrongful convictions is even more significant in China. Accordingly, how to establish an independent institution to discover wrongful convictions, how to exercise the potential of modern technology and vrivate efforts in this field all should be taken into consideration.