不同季节毛竹竹叶挥发油成分与抑菌效果比较研究

Analysis of the Components in Leaves of Phyllostachys edulis Harvested in Four Seasons and the Anti-microbial Effects of Their Essential Oils

为了对毛竹资源进行更深入的开发利用,试验以毛竹为研究材料,用同时水蒸气蒸馏萃取法提取不同季节毛竹叶片的挥发油,采用气相色谱-质谱联用仪分析其化学组分。同时,选取植物病原菌玉米大斑病菌、小麦赤霉病菌和油菜菌核病菌为供试菌,用菌丝生长速率法比较各季节挥发油的抑菌活性。结果表明,毛竹竹叶挥发油的提取率春季时最高,为0.418%,秋季时最低,为0.190%,夏冬季分别为0.392%、0.306%;挥发油的成分主要以醇类、酸类、烷烃类、酚类、酮类等为主,不同季节竹叶挥发油中相同化合物数约占总化合物的1/3,但具体含量存在一定差异;冬季竹叶挥发油对3种植物病原菌的抑菌效果相对较好,夏季的相对较差。本研究为毛竹叶的进一步开发利用提供一定的科学依据。

For more intensive development and utilization of bamboo resources , the essential oils of the PhyUostachys eduli leaves harvested in four seasons were extacted and analysited by wet distillation and GC-MS method,respectively. Meanwhile, the anti-microbial activity of the essential oils for Exserohilum turcicum, Fusarium grarainearum and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum were tested with mycelial growth rate method. The result displayed that essential oil extraction rate of bamboo leaves were 0. 418% in spring,0. 190% in autumn,0. 392 % in summer and 0. 306% in winter;The main components of essential oil were alcohols,acids,alkanes,phenols,ketones and so on, About 1/3 kinds of the total volatile compounds were the same in different seasons but the ratio of these components were different. The anti-microbial activities of winter essential oils were the best to 3 fungi and those of summer essential oils were the worst. These results laid the foundations for luther exploration and utilization of bamboo resources.