淮北地区小麦超高产群体生长特性分析

Research on Growth Characteristics of Super-highyielding Wheat Populations in Huaibei Area

为了解安徽省淮北地区超高产小麦群体生长指标与产量之间的关系,于2011-2014年度,以当地种植面积较大、具有超高产潜力的小麦品种济麦22和皖麦52为试验材料,研究了播期和播种密度对小麦群体生长指标和产量的影响。结果发现,年度间比较,2013-2014年度的小麦产量较高;播期为10月3日时,两个小麦品种的产量随密度的增加呈先增加后降低趋势,均以密度为210×104株·hm-2处理产量最高;播期为10月15日时,两个小麦品种的产量随密度增加而增加,均以密度为330×104株·hm-2处理产量最高。早播(10月3日)处理的小麦,叶面积持续时间较长;播期相同时,小麦的叶面积持续时间随密度增加而增加,叶面积指数随密度增加而减少,净同化率随密度增加而增加。小麦群体生长率的增加,主要来源于叶面积指数的增加。相关性分析表明,小麦籽粒产量与其叶面积持续时间和群体生长率的相关性极显著,与净同化率呈显著负相关。本试验条件下,两个小麦品种均以10月3日播种、密度为210×104株·hm-2处理的产量最高。

In order to know the relation between yield and growth characteristics of super-high-yielding wheat populations in Huaibei area of Anhui province,growing season of winter wheat in Huaibei area of Anhui province during 2011-2014,field experiment was conducted using wheat cultivars Jimai 22 and Wanmai 52 with large cultivation area and super-high-yielding potential by two-factor split-plot design.Two sowing stage（October 3and October 15）and five seeding density（90×10^4 plants·hm^-2,150×10^4 plants·hm^-2,210×10^4 plants·hm^-2,270×10^4 plants·hm^-2 and 330×10^4 plants·hm^-2）were adopted.The results showed that the yield of wheat in 2013-2014 is higher.The yield of two wheat cultivars sown on October 3increased first and then declined with the increase of seeding density,which reached the maximum with a seeding density of 210×10^4 plants·hm^-2（YJimai 22=10 407.53kg·hm^-2,YWanmai 52=10 190.52kg·hm^-2）;the yield of two wheat cultivars sown on October 15 increased with the increase of seeding density,which reached the maximum at 330×10^4 plants·hm^-2（YJimai 22= 10 108.48kg·hm^-2,YWanmai 52=10 068.11kg·hm^-2）.The leaf area duration oftwo wheats seeded at Oct.3are higher than that seeded at Oct.15.At same sowing date,the leaf area duration increase with the increase of seeding density.LAI of two wheats increase with the seeding density,and the net assimilation rate decrease with it.The increase of the population growth rate of wheats mainly comes from the increase of LAI.Correlation analysis showed that grain yield are extremely significant positive correlation with leaf area duration and the population growth rate,and is significantly negative correlation with net assimilation rate.Among two wheat sowed with different density sowed at October 3,the highest yields were 210×10^4 plants·hm^-2 processing.Therefore,appropriate early sowing with suitable seeding density may achieve the high efficiency of wheat population growth.