食用菌菌糠加工利用技术研究

Processing and Utilization Technologies Research on Edible Fungi Residue

2012年全国食用菌菌糠产量1.8×107 t,湖北省菌糠产量超过8×105 t,大部分被露天堆弃,既浪费资源又污染环境。经统计分析,菌糠的养分含量较之初始栽培料高,其中玉米芯为主料栽培的金针菇菌糠中有机质含量最高,达65.23%,木屑为主料栽培的香菇菌糠有机质含量最低,为40.55%。菌糠加工利用价值很高,目前国内及湖北地区菌糠利用途径主要包括加工肥料、饲料、栽培基质、燃料和生物制剂等。利用精深加工技术手段,开发菌糠高科技产品,对发展农业循环经济具有重要意义。

In 2012, the national edible fungi residue（ EFR） yields was 1.8 ×10^7t and the EFR yields of Hubei province was more than 8×10^5t. The environment was polluted and destroyed because EFR resources was abandoned by open-air heap. Ac-cording to statistical analysis, the nutrients content of EFR were more than that of the initial culture materials. The organic matter content of Flammulina velutipes EFR cultivated by corn cob was most（ 65.23%）. However, the organic matter content of Lentinus edodes EFR cultivated by sawdust was least（40.55%）. The EFR had high value of processing and utilization. The utilization ways of EFR processing were consisted of biofertilizer, feed, growing media, fuel, biological agents in all the country,including Hubei province. Using deep processing techniques to develop the high-tech products of the EFR, it was very impor-tant for developing of agricultural circular economy.