大辽河表层水体典型抗生素污染特征与生态风险评价

Contamination Characteristics and Ecological Risk Assessment of Typical Antibiotics in Surface Water of the Daliao River,China

为评价大辽河表层水体抗生素的污染水平和生态风险,利用高效液相色谱-串联质谱检测了大辽河表层水体中5类典型抗生素（喹诺酮类、四环素类、磺胺增效剂、大环内酯类、磺胺类）的污染水平和污染特征.结果表明：大辽河表层水体中共检测出10种抗生素,其质量浓度范围为nd（低于检出限）~1.380μg/L;其中NOR（诺氟沙星）的检出率和质量浓度平均值均最高,分别为92%、0.214μg/L,其次为CIP（环丙沙星）（检出率为75%,质量浓度为0.023μg/L）.与国内外其他水域相比,大辽河水体中抗生素的质量浓度总体处于较普通水平.在检出的10种抗生素中,除TC（四环素）和CTC（金霉素）外,其余8种抗生素质量浓度最高值均出现在营口市区最主要的工业和生活污水排污口之一——纱厂潮沟采样点,并且该采样点NOR的质量浓度和检出率均最高,这反映了喹诺酮类抗生素在大辽河流域有很高的使用率.大辽河抗生素总的分布趋势是上游污染水平较低,城市周围污染水平较高.评价结果表明,大辽河水体中的抗生素对相应的敏感物种存在较高的生态毒性风险.

Four typical antibiotics were analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry（ HPLC-MS/MS） in surface water of the Daliao River.The focus was on the levels and contamination characteristics of 5 classes of antibiotics,including sulfonamides,sulfonamide synergist,quinolones,macrolides and tetracycline.The results indicated that 10 antibiotics were detected in surface water of the Daliao River.The concentration of these 10 antibiotics ranged from nd（ not detected） to 1.380 μg/L.NOR（ norfloxacin） was the most frequently detected compound.The detection rate and mean concentration of NOR was 92%,0.214μg/L respectively,followed by CIP（ cefalexin） whose detection rate and mean concentration was 75% and 0.023 μg/L respectively.In general,the contamination level was similar to those of worldwide other areas.The highest concentration of 8 antibiotics appeared at Shachangchaogou station except for TC（ tetracycline） and CTC（ chlortracycline） and concentrations of quinolones antibiotics at Shachangchaogou station were higher than that of the other sites,indicating that quinolones may contribute to the antibiotic residues in the environment.Generally lower concentrations of antibiotics were found at sites from upstream of the Daliao River while relatively higher levels were detected at sites around the city.Ecological risk assessment revealed that antibiotics of the Daliao River may present high ecological risk to the environment.