英汉叙实性标记的对比研究

A Contrastive Analysis of Factive Markers in English and Chinese

本文对比英语与汉语的叙实性标记,主要涉及英语中的in fact、in truth、indeed、actually、really;汉语中的其实、实际上、事实上、的确、确实、真的。共性方面,它们都倾向于出现在句法左边缘位置,而且一般都经过了从"句内副词"到"句子副词"最后到"话语标记"的虚化过程。差异主要表现在英语叙实性标记处于句尾的概率远远高于汉语,尤其是indeed、actually、really处于句尾非常自然。英语采用句尾叙实性标记,其作用是补充说明作者立场,而汉语往往先采用叙实性标记以亮明立场。英语叙实性标记所在位置比汉语要灵活。

With the development of the discourse markers theory, the study of discourse markers becomes a hot research area, but the contrastive of factive markers has been almost uncovered. This paper discusses five factive markers in English： in fact, in truth, indeed, actually, really. And discusses six factive markers in Chinese： ＇Qishi＇ , ＇Shijishang＇ , ＇Shishishang＇ , ＇Queshi＇ , ＇Dique＇ , ＇Zhende＇ . From a macro-perspective, the factive makers underwent similar changes. Each functions as a clause-internal adverbial at the first stage, as an epistemic sentential adverbial at the second stage, and as a DM at the third stage. The differences between English and Chinese are as followings： the factive markers in English may locate at the end of discourse freely, but the factive markers in Chinese may not. And the factive markers in English are looser than the factive markers in Chinese.