51种昆虫足的爬行粘附结构研究

Study on the ultrastructures of the attachment apparatus of 51 insect species

利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对7目51种昆虫足的粘附结构进行超微形态观察.根据形态和着生位置,共发现光滑型、刚毛型和吸盘3大类粘附结构.光滑型粘附结构可以进一步划分为光滑型中垫、光滑型爪垫和光滑型跗垫;刚毛型粘附结构可划分为跗节刚毛型粘附底面、刚毛型爪垫和爪间突、海绵窝,以及跗节棘特化的粘附结构等;吸盘是龙虱科昆虫特化的吸附结构.在目级阶元上,粘附结构的类型及形态具有显著差异,可作为分类鉴定及系统发育研究的重要特征.

The ultrastructures of the attachment apparatus of 51 insect species from 7 orders were examined with scanning electron microscopy（ SEM）. Three types of adhesive structure,the smooth structure,the hairy structure,and the sucker,were found and are described in this paper. Based on the morphology and the distribution of the adhesive structures,the smooth adhesive structures can be subdivided into three types： the smooth arolium,the smooth pulvilli,and the smooth euplantulae;the hairy adhesive structures can be subdivided into four types： the hairy adhesive soles,the hairy pulvilli,the fossula spongiosa,and the adhesive structure transformed from the tarsal thorns; and the sucker is a specific adhesive structure found in the species of Dytiscidae. This study shows that the structures of the attachment apparatus are very diverse in insects and are very distinct at the order level. These facts can be used for taxonomic identifications and phylogenetic studies.