“不成”的语法化再探

Grammaticalization Analysis of “Bucheng”

"不成"从先秦时期由一个表"不能成就"之意的非词结构逐步变为现今的句末语气词,先后经历了向否定意义副词的过渡阶段和既可作表否定意义副词又可作反诘副词的阶段,最后变为了句尾语气词。现代汉语的使用中,"不成"仍具有以上三种用法。徐时仪提到"不成"在唐代已有处在句末的用法,并且其作为句末语气助词在宋元时期可经常见到,这一说法值得商榷。

As a Modifier-core Structure （Bucheng 1） in Pre-Qin Period,＂ Bucheng＂ meant ＂cannot a- chieve＂ originally, but it has undergone gradual change and finally become a modal particle （Bucheng used at the end of the sentence. The change of use has gone through different stages ： a transitional period of being used as negative adverb （meaning ＂haven＇ t＂）, used both as negative adverb （meaning ＂won＇ t do＂, Bucheng 3） and counterquestion adverb, and at nese language, ＂Bucheng＂ has all three of these as a modal particle at the end of the sentence in Yuan Dynasties. There are some doubts on this last became a modal particle （Bucheng 2）. In modem Chi- usages. Xu Shiyi mentioned that ＂Bucheng＂ had been used Tang Dynasty and such use was frequently seen in Song and statement.