人格障碍诊断问卷在医学专科生样本中的应用性研究

The Application Research of PDQ- 4 in Medical Students

目的：分析医学专科生人格障碍的特点，探讨人格障碍诊断问卷（PDQ－4）在医学专科生群体中的适用性。方法：以人格障碍诊断问卷（PDQ－4）为工具，按照整群抽样原则，对某民族医专1年级5个不同专业学生群体进行调查，统计其人格障碍阳性率，并将调查结果与其他群体进行比较。结果：医学专科生人格障碍阳性率为9．20％，10种人格障碍亚型的阳性率分别在2．56％～45．15％之间，其中强迫型人格障碍阳性率最高（45．15％），分裂样（33．73％）和偏执型（32．54％）次之，分裂型（2．56％）最低；医学专科生样本10项人格障碍分量表得分在不同性别间比较除反社会型（t=4．255，P=0．000）和回避型（t=-5．247，P=0．000）有极显著性差异，偏执型（t=-2．059，P〈0．05）和边缘型（t=-1．985，P〈0．05）有显著性差异外，其他亚型间差异不明显（P〉0。05）；城乡比较在边缘型（t=2．526，P〈0．05）、反社会型（t：3．348，P〈0．01）和强迫型（t=-2．277，P〈0．05）间差异显著，其他亚型间差异不明显（P〉0．05），不同专业间比较主要在边缘型（F=3．43，P〈0．01）、反社会型（F=3．60，P〈0．01）和回避型（F=4．95，P=0．000）间存在显著差异；与普通人群样本比较，除回避型差异不显著外，其他亚型间均存在显著性差异（P〈0．01）、与大学本科生样本比较，除表演型和强迫型差异不显著外，其他亚型间均存在显著性差异（P〈0．01）、与研究生样本比较除自恋型差异不显著外，其他亚型间均存在显著性差异（P〈0．01）。结论：人格障碍诊断问卷（PDQ－4）可作为医学专科生人格障碍的筛查工具，但其阳性界值的划界分（原3～5分）在应用时应作适当的调整；医学专科生作为一个特殊群体，其人格特征与普通人群、大学生、研究生间存在一定差异；人格特质的形成受地域、文化、生活等因素的影响。

Objective ：To analyze the characteristics of medical students＇ personality disorder, explore the applicabihty of the PDQ - 4 in medical students. Methods： Use PDQ - 4 as a tool, investigating differ- ent professional medical college students with the principle of cluster sampling. Results： Medical students ＇personality disorder positive rate was 9, 20%. The positive of ten kinds of personality disorder rate were between 2. 56% and 45. 15%： Compulsive personality disorder （45. 15% ）, schizophrenia like （33.73 % ）, paranoid （ 32.54 % ）, and schizophrenia （ 2.56 % ） ; Antisocial, avoidant, paranoid and border- line personality disorders had significant differences between gender（ t = 4. 255, -5. 247, -2.059, -1. 985 ; P 〈 0.05 ） and majors （ F = 3.60,4.95,3.43 ; P 〈 0.01 ） ; Except avoidant, all the other personality disor- ders in the present sample were different from normal people （P 〈 0.05 ） ; Except histrionic and compul- sive personality disorder, all the personality disorders in the present sample were different from college students samples（P 〈 0.05 ）and all the personality disorder were significantly different from the under- graduate samples except narcissistic （ P 〈 0.05 ）. Conclusion ： PDQ - 4 can be used as a screening tool for personality disorder of the medical students. The original positive demarcation points（3 -5 points）should be adjusted. As a special group, medical college students are different in personality characteristics from the general population, college students, and graduate students. The formation of personality traits can be affected by region, culture and life event.