武陵傩文化生态略论

On the Cultural Ecology of Wuling Nuo

武陵傩是在古代武陵五溪地区"信鬼好祀"、"民神杂糅"的文化生态环境中产生和演进的一种重要民俗事项,历史上曾对中华文明的形成产生过重要影响。改土归流后,蛮夷文化生态受到抑制,武陵傩开始走向衰落,只得退隐山乡野地;在当今城镇化、信息化进程中,小农经济生产模式逐渐被社会化大生产所代替,武陵傩正面临着经济基础崩溃、信仰观念淡化、社会结构变迁、实用功能消失等全方位的生存生态危机,抢救这一珍贵文化遗产已刻不容缓。

Wuling Nuo is a folk custom of ＂belief in ghosts and love of religious services＂ and ＂combination of folk and gods＂ that has developed and evolved since ancient times in Wuxi area of Wuling, which once exerted important impact on the formation of Chinese civilization in history. After the Centralization of Local Powers in the Qing Dynasty the aboriginal cultural ecology was restrained and Wuling Nuo went on the decline and retreated to mountainous areas. In the process of present - day urbanization and information technology the small -scale agricultural model is being replaced by socialized mass -production model, and Wuling Nuo is on the verge of ecological survival crisis under the circumstances of economic challenge, belief weakening, social structure transformation and loss of practical functions. It is argued that it is time to rescue this precious cultural heritage.