国内外社区参与旅游研究综述

Review of International and Chinese Research on Community Participation in Tourism

文章通过对国内外社区参与旅游研究文献的梳理,得出国外主要从社区参与旅游的类型、社区居民与旅游发展的利益关系、社区在旅游发展中的地位和作用及社区参与旅游的措施等方面进行研究。相较而言,国内关于社区参与旅游方面的研究对于理论和宏观的研究相对较多,对于实证研究相当缺乏,而且大多数研究沿用西方的理论分析框架和思路,较少从中国的实际情况来思考问题。西方有关社区参与旅游的研究是建立在其民主制度和民主思想盛行,非政府组织发展比较成熟,旅游发展处于较高阶段等基础之上,而这些都与我国现实情况有比较大的差异。因此,在研究我国社区参与旅游发展问题时不能照抄照搬西方理论成果,而是应该因地制宜,将社区参与旅游发展理论本土化,与中国的现实情况相结合。

Based on international and Chinese research literatures regarding community participation in tourism, this paper concludes that international research involves many fields such as types of participation in tourism for community, interest relationships between community residents and tourism, and measures for the position, role and participation of community ; Chinese research mainly covers theories and macro -level with few empirical studies, and it normally adopts western theories for analysis frameworks and thoughts. Western research in this regard is grounded in democratic systems and thoughts, and with mature NGO development, tourism in the west is in a stage of higher development. The Chinese situation is different. Hence, western model should not be copied without any change in China. Instead, local conditions should be weighed in China in order to localize western theories related to community participation in tourism.