有机肥及施肥方式对扁桃生长与产量的影响

Study on the Effect Organic Fertilizer and Fertilization Methods on the Growth and Yield of Amygdalus ledebouriana Schleche

【目的】探讨扁桃有机肥适宜用量及施肥方式,为扁桃安全健康生产及丰产栽培提供理论依据。【方法】2011~2012年连续2 a在结果期扁桃园内,分别设置不同有机肥施用量处理,设置3种施肥方式,即CK（每株施尿素0.5 kg,磷酸二氢钾0.6 kg,钾0.4 kg）、羊粪等有机肥y1~y5和生物黑炭S1~S4,2013年对扁桃叶片质量、矿质元素、光合特性及产量进行测定。【结果】与CK相比,有机肥对扁桃生长的促进与产量的提高效果显著。其中生物黑炭80 kg/株（S3）处理下扁桃叶片的叶面积最大;羊粪等有机肥60 kg/株（Y3）施肥量处理的叶绿素含量最高。生物黑炭40 kg/株（S1）、生物黑炭100 kg/株（S4）、羊粪等有机肥100 kg/株（Y5）处理下叶片N、P、K含量最佳;生物黑炭80 kg/株（S3）处理下叶片净光合速率最大;单株产量提高15.52%~57.73%,生物黑炭60 kg/株（S2）处理下单株产量最高。【结论】施入有机肥能显著提高扁桃叶片的质量、矿质营养元素、光合性能及产量,其效果大小依次为生物黑炭〉羊粪等有机肥〉CK。

[ Objective ] In order to provide theoretical basis of producing healthy, safe and high yield Amygdalus ledebouriana Sehleehe, this paper intends to study the appropriate dosage and ways of using organie fertilizer. [ Method] From 2011 to 2012, two consecutive years in the bearing period of almond orchard, differ- ent organic manure application and three kinds of fertilization methods were set, that is, CK （ urea per plant 0. 5 kg,potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.6 kg, potassium 0.4 kg） , sheep manure organic fertilizers 1 - 5 and bioehar 1 -4, the almond leaf quality, mineral elements, photosynthetic characteristics and yield were measured in 2013 years. [ Result] Compared with the CK,the effect of enhancing organic fertilizer to promote the growth of the almond and yield was significantly evident. The almond leaf area appeared the largest under per strain biochar 80 kg（ S3 ） treatment ;The highest chlorophyll content appeared under per strain organic fertilizer 60 kg （Y3） sheep manure organic fertilizer. Under per strain biochar 40 kg （S1） ,and 100 kg （S4）, sheep manure organic fertilizers 100 kg （Y5） treatment, the leaf N, P, K content were the highest; The almond leaf net pho- tosynthetic rate appearedS to the maximum under per strain biochar 80 kg （ S3 ） treatment; The plant production was increased by 15.52% - 57.73% , and the highest yield appeared under per strain biochar 60kg （ S2 ） treatment. [ Conclusion ] The application of organic fertilizer could significantly improve the quality of almond leaf,mineral nutrients,photosynthesis and yield. The order size of the effect was biochar 〉 sheep manure or- ganic fertilizers 〉 CK.