“苗族杨姓不吃心”故事的演变与习俗的起源

On the Evolution of Story The People Whose Family Name is Yang in Hmong never eat heart and Origin of Custom

苗族按语言分为东、中、西三大方言,西部方言苗族有杨姓不吃动物心的习俗。关于不吃心由来的传说或因心而发生战争的传说遍布整个西部方言苗族区域。通过比较,可以发现这类传说具有发生学上的演变关系。这些传说的主角名字叫亚鲁,杨鲁,杨么等,都是从"爷老"这个称呼演变而来,不是一个人的名字,由此可证,杨姓不吃动物心的习俗是因为受到传说的影响而形成的,并因这个故事被洪水型人类再生神话的替代而扩大禁忌范围。

The dialect of Hmong can be divided into east, middle and west dialects according to the territory. In the west dialect, there is a custom that the people whose family name is Yang never eat heart. The legend of never eating heart or the legend of leading to the battle for heart pervade in the whole areas of speaking west dialect. Through the comparison, this kind of legend has the evolutionary relationship of embryology. The protagonists of these kinds of legends, called Ya Lu, Yang Lu, Yang Me and so on, are evolved from the name ＂Ye Lao＂, which is not a person＇ s name. Therefore, the custom that the people whose family name is Yang never eat heart is formed owing to the influence of legends. Meanwhile, the taboo scope of the story becomes enlarged because it is replaced by the myth that the human being regenerate from the flood.