南靖磜头客家话的三元音格局

On Three-vowel Formats in Hakka Dialect in Qitou,Nanjing

南靖磜头客家话只有[i,a,]三个单元音,缺失了后高元音[u];它的元音格局跟下洋客家话的非常相似;[]有两个变体,呈互补分布,声学和统计分析表明它们是两个不同的元音。类型学考察表明,磜头客家话的三元音格局具有一定的独特性。[*i]变成[]是一种自然音变,而且元音的系列变化引起了声母的前化。入声的演变,将导致单元音[u]的重新出现,从而变成[i,a,,u]的四元音格局。

This paper is an acoustic analysis on monophthongs occurring in the Hakka dialect in Qitou,Nanjing. Results show that the vowel system of the Hakka dialect in Qitou has only three vowels[i,a, ],which is similar to the Hakka dialect in Xiayang,Yongding. This vowel system is rare not only in the Chinese dialects but also in other languages around the world. The vowel[]has two allophones,constituting a complementary distribution,which consists of two phonetically distinct vowels. The evolution from[＊ i]to [],a natural sound change,triggers the fronting of the initials from post alveolar to alveolar. The change of short tones results in the re-emergence of [u],hence the reconstruction of the vowel system becomes a four-vowel system [i,a,,u].