专用缓释肥对夏玉米产量及养分吸收利用的影响

Effects of special slow-release fertilizer on yield and nutrient absorption and utilization of summer maize

为实现夏玉米高产和简化施肥,采用田间试验研究了专用缓释肥对夏玉米产量、经济效益、养分积累量及土壤速效养分的影响。河南和山东试验点的结果表明,高缓释氮比例的专用缓释肥有利于提高千粒重,较习惯施肥分别增产8.28%和6.37%,纯收益分别增加715和661元/hm2;低缓释氮比例的专用缓释肥有利于增加穗粒数,分别增产6.95%和9.64%,纯收益分别增加593和1 430元/hm2。专用缓释肥促进了夏玉米对氮素的吸收利用,可维持土壤氮素养分平衡。砂壤土适宜用缓释氮比例较大的玉米专用缓释肥,中壤土施用缓释氮比例低的玉米专用缓释肥增产效果较好。

In order to realize the target of high yield and simplify fertilization of summer maize,field experiments were conducted and the effects of special slow-release fertilizer were studied on grain yield,economic benefit,nutrient accumulation in summer maize and soil nutrient. The results showed that for the experiments at Henan and Shandong province,compared with conventional fertilizer application,the special slow-release fertilizer with high slow-release N ratio increased yield by 8. 28%and 6. 37% respectively by increasing 1 000 grain weight. The net income increased 715 yuan / hm^2 and 661 yuan / hm^2. The special slow-release fertilizer with low slow-release N ratio increased yield by 6. 95% and 9. 64% respectively by increasing grain per ear,and the net income increased 593 yuan / hm^2 and 1 430 yuan / hm^2. Special slow-release fertilizer for summer maize could promote nitrogen absorption and utilization,maintain soil N nutrient balance. Special slow-release fertilizer with high slow-release N ratio was suitable for sandy loam soil,and the effects was better by applying special slow-release fertilizer with low slow-release N ratio in medium loam soil.