不同施肥处理对玉米产量及土壤酶活性的影响

Effects of different fertilization on the corn yield and soil enzyme activity in corn growth period

分析了不同施肥处理对玉米产量和土壤养分的影响,以及不同生育期内土壤纤维素酶、脲酶和过氧化氢酶的动态变化。结果表明,5个不同施肥处理产量均高于CK;秸秆配施无机肥加秸秆腐熟剂(FS)处理和有机肥配施70% NPK(OF)处理的效果最佳,有机无机复合肥(OI2)、有机无机复合肥(OI1)和常规无机肥(CF)处理次之,不施肥处理(CK)最低。FS处理较常规施肥处理提高了4.87%,有机肥配施70%常规无机肥(OF)处理较常规施肥处理的产量提高了3.39%。施肥处理均能提高3种酶的活性,并且表现出较强规律性:土壤过氧化氢酶在玉米拔节期出现活性高峰,土壤纤维素酶和土壤脲酶在玉米大喇叭口期出现活性高峰;FS处理在各个时期的酶活性较高。综上所述,秸秆还田配施化肥加秸秆腐熟剂有利于增加土壤酶活性与土壤养分含量,提高作物产量。

Effects of the different fertilizations on corn yields and soil nutrients content,as well as three soil enzymes in the corn growth period were analysed in this article. The results showed that,considering both corn yields and soil nutrients,they showed the best for treatments of FS（ NPK ＋ staw ＋ straw-decomposing inoculant） and OF（ 70% NPK ＋ organic fertilizer）,followed by treatments of OI2（ organic inorganic compound fertilizer 2）,OI1（ organic inorganic compound fertilizer 1） and CF（ NPK）,and the CK（ no fertilizer） was the worst. The yield of FS treatment proved to be the best in corn season,which was 4. 87% higher than CF treatment,and the yield of OF was 3. 39% higher than CF. The activities of the three enzymes increased under different fertilization. Peak of the soil catalase activity appeared at the jointing stage of corn,while the peaks of soil cellulase and urease activity appeared in the large bell of corn. The activities of the three enzymes were all greater in FS than the other 5 treatments in whole corn growth period. In conclusion,the FS treatment was the most promising way of fertilization,which helped to improve the soil enzyme activities,soil nutrients contents and the yields of corn.