农村留守儿童人格特征分析

Analysis on personality characteristics of rural left- behind children

目的:调查农村留守儿童个性心理特征,为促进农村留守儿童心理健康提供科学依据。方法:采用分层整群抽样方法对黔西县4所中小学的1 485名儿童采用艾森克人格问卷(儿童版)和自编问卷进行调查。结果:黔西县留守儿童人格除了内外向(E)处于倾向型以外,其他各维度均处于中间值范围;留守男生与非留守男生神经质(N)因子分差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);留守女生精神质(P)、N因子分高于非留守女生(P<0.05);留守男生与留守女生的P、掩饰性(L)得分差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);留守小学生E、L因子分低于留守中学生(P<0.05);留守儿童父母不同外出时间在L维度上差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:黔西县留守儿童的个性较非留守儿童易出现焦虑、孤独、不关心他人、郁郁不乐、忧心忡忡等问题;留守女生较留守男生易出现P因子;留守中学生性格较留守小学生性格倾向于外向、稳定性。

Objective： To investigate personality psychological characteristics of rural left- behind children,provide a scientific basis for promoting psychological health of rural left- behind children. Methods： Stratified cluster sampling method was used in the study,EPQ and a self- designed questionnaire were used to investigate 1485 children in four middle and primary schools in Qianxi county. Results： The scores of children＇s personality average value were in the middle range except introversion- extroversion item. There was statistically significant difference in nervousness score between left- behind boys and non- left- behind boys（ P〈0. 05）; the scores of psychoticism and nervousness in left- behind girls were statistically significantly higher than those in non- left- behind girls（ P〈0. 05）; there were statistically significant differences in psychoticism and concealing scores between left- behind boys and left- behind girls（ P〈0. 05）;introversion- extroversion and concealing scores in left- behind pupils were statistically significantly lower than those in left- behind middle school students（ P〈0. 05）; there was statistically significant difference in concealing score among the children with different absence time of their parents（ P〈0. 05）. Conclusion： Anxiety,loneliness,unconcern,melancholy are easily found among the left- behind children in Qianxi county; psychoticism is often found among the left- behind girls; the left- behind middle school students had more extroversion and stability character compared with the left- behind pupils.