北京市城区婴儿祖辈-父母共同养育现状研究

Study on current situation of parents- grandparents coparenting in families with infants in Beijing urban area

目的:了解北京市城区婴儿祖辈-父母共同养育现状,为制定适合社区应用的促进亲子关系发展的保健模式提供依据。方法:采用自编养育问卷对北京市2个城区4所社区卫生服务中心的203名婴儿家庭进行横断面研究,采用SPSS17.0进行数据统计。结果:受试家庭以独生子女家庭(83.08%)和三代同堂家庭(65.15%)为主;母亲本次生育年龄平均为(30.53±2.98)岁,文化程度以大学及以上为主(93.59%)。89.66%的祖辈通过与母亲共同抚育增进了感情,90.00%以上的祖辈认可母亲在养育方面的付出和努力。多数祖辈重视与母亲沟通,肯定并从内心支持母亲的养育;80.00%以上的祖辈能有意促进母婴互动、较好配合母亲、并为母亲主动提供育儿经验;祖辈与母亲共同养育冲突以直接冲突为主,83.74%的祖辈在儿童面前指责母亲,30.54%的祖辈与母亲争论育儿问题;间接冲突主要表现为祖辈意图让儿童与自己"更亲"(80.29%),其次是共同养育存在不同程度分歧(45.81%);20.69%的祖辈认为劳动分配不公平;40.39%的母亲有时或经常将份内的家务劳动让祖辈承担。结论:北京市城区婴儿祖辈-父母共同养育存在一定的养育与劳动分配分歧,且直接和间接冲突为较为突出的问题,但在主观上,祖辈们较为认可与父母的共同养育。行为表现和意愿的差异提示了城区祖辈-父母共同养育的特点。减少养育冲突和改善分歧解决方式应作为社区改善共同养育质量和促进母婴依恋关系发展的重要指导内容。

Objective： To explore the status of parents- grandparents coparenting in families with infants in Beijing urban area,provide a basis for appropriate community care model on promoting parent- child attachment. Methods： A self- designed questionnaire was used to investigate 203 infants＇ families in four community health service centers of two districts in Beijing,the data was analyzed by SPSS17. 0 software. Results： Among the investigated families,83. 08% and 65. 15% of them were the one- child and three- generation families,respectively; the mothers＇ average childbearing age was（ 30. 53 ± 2. 98） years old; 93. 59% of the mothers had an educational background of college or above; in 89. 66% of the subjects,the relationship between the coparenting partners（ grandparents and mothers） was strengthened through coparenting; and more than 90. 00% of the grandparents acknowledged and respected partners ＇ contributions. Most grandparents communicated with mothers on childrearing,endorsed and upheld their partners＇ parenting decisions; more than 80. 00% of the grandparents could do something to promote parent- child interaction and give their partners extra supports on childrearing; 83. 74% and 30. 54% of the grandparents criticized,blamed and argued with their partners in the child＇s presence,respectively. Coparenting undermining was also presented as adopting a competitive approach to gain closeness with the child（ 80. 29%） and childrearing disagreement（ 45. 81%）,respectively; 20. 69% of the grandparents were not satisfied with the way of childrearing labor and housework; 40. 39% of the infants＇ mothers sometimes or often left dirty work to the grandparents. Conclusion： Parents- grandparents coparenting in families with infants in urban area in Beijing have some problems including disagreement on childrearing and division of labor,exposure to conflict,and behavior undermining coparenting,but by contrast,most grandparents ＇ attitude towards coparenting is positive. The difference between the grandparents＇ behavior and subjective wishes may be a characteristic of parents- grandparents coparenting. Reducing conflict and improving the way solving parenting disagreement should be the important contents of improving parenting quality and promoting mother- infant attachment relationship in community health care.