水稻穗腐病和穗枯病的研究进展

Research Progress of Spikelet Rot Disease and Bacterial Panicle Blight of Rice

水稻穗腐病和穗枯病是我国新上升或新出现的两个水稻后期穗部病害。近年来,随着气候的变化、耕作栽培制度及肥水管理的改变以及品种(组合)的更替,两病在我国的发生和危害程度越来越严重。穗腐病和穗枯病病原菌有色,可产生毒素,不但直接影响水稻产量,还导致稻米品质降低,危害食用者的健康。穗腐病和穗枯病在发病时期、发生部位和危害程度上具有相似性。综述了两病害的发生、流行规律、危害状况、病原菌生物特性和毒素研究以及防治方法,提出了研究上目前存在的问题和今后的研究方向。

Rice spikelet rot disease（RSRD）and bacterial panicle blight of rice（BPBR）,two newly increasing or emerging diseases in China,are both panicle diseases in the late growth stage of rice.The diseases have become more and more serious in recent years due to the changes of climate,cultivation system,nutrient and water management as well as the substitute of rice varieties/combinations.The RSRD and BPBR not only affected rice yield directly but also decreased rice quality due to the colourful pathogens and pathogenic toxins.The toxins were also noxious to the animals and human beings.The two diseases have similarities in epidemic period,infected parts of rice and the damage degree.The regularity of the diseases＇ occurrence and epidemiology,the damage status,the investigation of pathogens＇ biological characteristics and their toxins,the control approaches in paddy fields were briefly reviewed.We pointed out the issues existed in current research and the research directions of these two diseases in the future.