逆向教学:目标、逻辑及实现可能——基于大学有效教学视角的审视

Backward Teaching Design: Goals,Logic and Feasibilities-Based on College Effective Teaching

逆向教学采用与常规课程设计相逆的逻辑顺序,以"问题解决"为出发点,教学内容与活动安排相对后置,通过"评价先行"激发学生的自主性,贯彻"少教多学"的设计理念,对于培养学生的创新思维、提高大学教学的有效性具有重要意义。是否具备较高学术水准的教师群体,是否拥有良好思维习惯的学生群体,能否根据课程需要灵活多变地运用多种教学方法,是影响逆向教学实现的重要因素。但由于受到教学本身,特别是"教"与"学"双方个体条件的限制,逆向教学的实现可能也存在不充分性,需要我们继续探索教学活动的客观规律,充分认识和把握双方主体的心理活动规律,在实践中不断摸索和总结将逆向教学融入大学有效教学改革的方法和经验。

Contrary to the conventional teaching designs,backward teaching design starts with problems- solving,while teaching contents and activities are set accordingly. It has great significance to cultivate the innovation ability of students and improve the effectiveness of teaching,This mode follows the idea of ＂assessment first＂and ＂less to teach and more to learn＂,which,which may help stimulate the students＇ autonomy. The achievement of backward teaching depends on the teachers with higher academic abilities,the students with good thinking habits and the flexible adoption and combination of teaching methods according to the needs of curriculum.But with the restriction of individual conditions of both teachers and learners,there is still possibility that backward teaching can not play its full roles,so it is necessary to continuously explore the objective laws of teaching activities,adequately understand the psychological regulation of both parties,and fumble and summarize ceaselessly the methods and experience,which assimilate the backward teaching design into the reform of college effective teaching in practice.