长沙地区职业性接触铅危害调查

Investigation on the health impacts of occupational lead exposure in Changsha

目的了解长沙地区职业性铅危害的现状,为今后防控工作提供参考。方法对长沙地区涉铅企业39家的作业场所空气中的铅进行检测;以3 975名铅作业工人作为接触组,不接触铅的250人作为对照组,并对其进行健康检查。结果作业场所空气中铅烟、铅尘几何均数浓度分别为0.358、0.255mg/m3;蓄电池制造业铅烟、油漆使用业铅尘超标率分别为32.4%、40.5%,明显高于其他组和对照组(P<0.01);工人血铅平均浓度为0.07mg/L、红细胞锌原卟啉(ZPP)平均浓度为2.86μg/gHb;手颤、窦性心律过缓检出率分别为0.5%、3.6%,明显高于对照组(P<0.01)。结论该地区铅危害较大,重点是蓄电池制造业;油漆铅危害不同于蓄电池铅尘、铅烟危害,处于可接受水平;定期驱铅治疗可有效防治铅对密切接触工人健康的损害。

Objective To understand the situation of the health impacts of occupational lead exposure in Changsha,in order to provide evidence for future prevention and control.Methods Lead concentrations in air of workplace from 39 lead-related enterprises of Changsha were detected.Medical examinations were performed among 3975 workers exposed to lead,as well as 250 non-exposed workers as a control.Results The geometric means of lead concentrations of lead lead-containing fumes and dust in air of workplace were 0.358 and 0.255mg/m3 respectively.For lead-containing fumes from battery manufacturing and dust from lead paint,the frequencies of lead monitoring samples higher than national standard were 32.4% and40.5% respectively,which were obviously higher than other groups and controls（P 0.01）.The average concentration of lead among workers was 0.07mg/L,and 2.86μg/gHb for Zinc protoporphyrin（ZPP）.The detection rates of tremor and sinus bradycardia were 0.5% and 3.6% respectively,which were significantly higher than controls（P 0.01）.Conclusions There was some health impacts from lead exposure in Changsha,especially in the battery manufacturing.Unlike the lead-containing fumes and dust from battery manufacturing,the hazards from lead paint were at an acceptable level.It is suggested that regularly removing lead for exposed workers could effectively protect their health due to occupational lead exposure.