表面活性剂在油田污水处理中的应用及研究进展

Rch&Development Progress of Application of Surfactants in Oilfield Waste Water Treatment

表面活性剂种类较多,并且在油田应用十分广泛,比如钻井过程中的起泡剂、乳化剂,采油用的驱油剂、降粘剂,油气集输用破乳剂、消泡剂等。此外在油田污水处理方面表面活性剂也发挥了重要作用。随着国内油田的开采,油田采出水经深度处理后才能排放或回注。因此,大力发展水处理剂对环境保护和节约水资源有着重要作用。分别总结了阴离子表面活性剂、阳离子表面活性剂、非离子表面活性剂和两性离子表面活性剂在缓蚀、絮凝、阻垢、杀菌以及超滤作用等油田水处理方面的应用及最新进展,同时还指出了开发"一剂多效"、性能优异、绿色无污染、价格低廉的表面活性剂仍是今后表面活性剂在水处理方面的发展方向。

The surfactants are abundant in variety and widely applied in oilfields,such as foaming agent and emulsifier in drilling engineering,oil displacement agent and viscosity reducer in oil recovery process and demulsifier and defoamer in oil and gas gathering process. In addition,surfactants have played an important role in oil field waste water treatment. With the exploitation of oilfield in China,the production water can only be discharged or re- injected after sufficient treatment. Therefore,the development of water treatment agents is very important for environmental protection and conservation of water resources. The research development of anion surfactants,cation surfactants,nonionic surfactants and zwitterionic surfactants and their applications in water treatment in oilfield for anti- corrosion,coagulation,fouling inhibition,sterilization and ultra- filtration are introduced in this paper. The direction of surfactant development is also described. The development of multi- effect,high-performance,green,and low- cost surfactant is still the future development orientation in water treatment.