网球裁判员临场焦虑及心理调控方法探析

An Exploration on the Spot Anxiety Characteristics and Psychological Control of International Tennis Umpires

采用状态—特质焦虑量表对我国33名国际级网球裁判员进行测量,对数据进行t检验、方差分析、相关分析和回归分析。结果发现:(1)我国国际级网球裁判员总体焦虑水平为中等程度;(2)男性裁判员的状态焦虑和特质焦虑得分均低于女性,但不具有显著性差异。裁判员在年龄结构呈现倒U型,且在状态焦虑上存在显著性差异。事后多重比较分析发现,41—50岁组的裁判员与其他各组别均存在显著性差异。裁判员在执裁年限上呈现出非常整齐的倒U型分布,其中执裁2010—2014年的裁判员所占比例最高,且表现出相对较高的焦虑程度;(3)国际级网球裁判员的状态焦虑与特质焦虑具有非常显著的正相关;(4)国际级网球裁判员的特质焦虑对状态焦虑有显著的正向预测作用。针对网球裁判员临场焦虑问题提出了相应的赛前、赛中和赛后的心理调控方法。

This paper uses the STAI Form to evaluate 33 Chinese tennis umpires with international qualifica tions, and uses methods of t test, variance analysis, correlation analysis and regression analysis to analyze the data collected. The key findings of this study are： （ 1 ） The Chinese umpires with international qualifications show medium level anxiety. （2） The overall level of state anxiety and trait anxiety for male umpires is lower than that of female umpires, but with no significant difference ; the age structure shows an inverted U Shape, and there are significant differences on state anxiety level. With multiple comparisons afterwards, it is found that the group of umpires whose ages are between 41 and 50 years old has significant difference from all other groups; the offici ating term presents an inverted U shape and the people who officiate for 1014 years take the highest propor tion, and also show a greater degree of anxiety. （3） The level of state anxiety and trait anxiety of international tennis umpires shows a positive correlation. （4） The trait anxiety of international tennis umpires has a forward prediction effect on their state anxiety. Besides, it provided psychological adjustment methods for immediate anx iety happening before the match, during the match, and after the match.