社区轻度认知功能障碍的患病影响因素研究

Risk factors for mild cognitive impairment in community residents

目的：探索社区轻度认知功能障碍（MCI）患病的相关影响因素。方法对2009年广州地区城乡MCI患病率流行病学调查时诊断为MCI的患者299例（MCI组）和认知正常老人1682例（对照组）进行分析。影响因素调查内容包括患者的一般人口学资料、血管性疾病、生活方式等。采用多因素条件logistic回归分析其患病的相关因素。结果 MCI组与对照组在男性（31．4％ vs43．0％）、年龄[（79．7±6．4）岁 vs（74．7±6．2）岁]、受教育程度[（1.5±2．8）年 vs （4．6 ± 4．6）年]、城市居民[58．2％ vs 73．7％]等分布特征上差异有统计学意义（P＜0．01）。单因素分析显示，冠心病、高血压、糖尿病、高脂血症、吸烟、饮酒对MCI患病无显著影响（P＞0．05）；而脑卒中（含脑梗死、脑出血）、喝茶、运动对MCI的患病与否差异有统计学意义（P＜0．01）。多因素条件logistic回归分析显示，年龄（OR＝1．102，95％ CI：1．079～1．125）、教育程度（OR＝0．825，95％ CI：0．785～0．866）、脑卒中（OR＝2．693，95％ CI：1．804～4．018）、运动（OR＝0．464，95％ CI：0．343～0．627）是MCI的影响因素（P＜0．01）。结论教育程度高和经常运动是MCI的保护性因素，而增龄和脑卒中是MCI的危险因素。

Objective To study the risk factors for mild cognitive impairment （MCI） in community residents .Methods Two hundred and ninety‐nine MCI patients in Guangzhou urban and rural ar‐eas served as a MCI group and 1682 elderly subjects with normal cognitive function served as a control group .The risk factors （general demographic data ,vascular diseases and life style） for their MCI were analyzed by conditional logistic regression analysis .Results The gender ratio was significantly lower ,the age was significantly older ,the education level and the resident place ratio were significantly lower in MCI group than in control group （31 .4% vs 43 .0% ,79 .7 ± 6 .4 years vs 74 .7 ± 6 .2 years ,1 .5 ± 2 .8 vs 4 .6 ± 4 .6 years ,58 .2% vs 73 .7% ,P＆lt;0 .01） .Univariate analysis show ed that coronary heart disease ,hypertension ,diabetes mellitus ,hyperlipidemia , smoking ,and alcohol drinking had no significant effect on MCI （P＆gt; 0 .05）whereas ischemic stroke ,tea drinking ,and exercise had significant effect on MCI （P＆lt;0 .01） .Multivariate condition‐al logistic regression analysis displayed that age ,education level ,incidence of ischemic stroke ,and exercise differed greatly between MCI group and control group （OR= 1 .102 ,95% CI：1 .079 -1.125;OR=0 .825 ,95% C I：0 .785-0 .866 ;OR=2 .693 ,95% C I：1 .804 -4 .018 ;OR=0 .464 ,95%CI：0 .343 -0 .627 ,P＆lt; 0 .01） .Conclusion Higher education level and regular exercise are the protective factors for MCI while age and ischemic stroke are the risk factors for MCI .