骨细胞相关因子在骨重建中的作用

The Role of Osteocyte-related Factors in the Bone Remodeling

骨细胞是一种动态的、具有复杂功能的细胞,也是骨组织中含量最丰富、分布最广泛的细胞。近几年研究发现,骨细胞在骨重建中的调节作用越来越明显,其分泌的骨硬化蛋白、RANKL及OPG是调节骨形成和骨吸收的重要调控因子。骨细胞特异性地分泌的骨硬化蛋白对骨形成具有特殊的抑制效果,主要机制是结合LRP5/LRP6,从而阻止经典Wnt信号通路。而骨硬化蛋白的单克隆抗体则通过拮抗其作用而保证Wnt信号通路的正常传导,引起骨形成、骨密度和骨强度增加。骨细胞同样会分泌RANKL及OPG,两者在生理和病理条件下直接或间接调节破骨细胞分化和功能,调控骨重吸收。该文就这一领域近年研究现状和发展方向作一综述。

As the most abundant and the most widely distributed in bone tissue, osteocytes are dynamic cells, with complex function. Recent studies have revealed that osteocytes play multiple important physiological roles, secreting many regulatory factors, such as osteosclerosis protein, receptor activator of the NF-kB ligand （RANKL） and osteoprotegerin （OPG）. These factors play important roles in regulating bone formation and bone resorption. The sclerostin, is expressed at significant levels by osteocytes, interacts with Lrp5 and Lrp6 and inhibits the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. Sclerostin monoclonal antibody ensures Wnt pathway conducting normally by inhibiting sclerostin, increasing bone formation, bone mineral density and bone strength. Osteocytes also secretes RANKL and OPG, both of which regulating differentiation and function of osteoclasts directly or indirectly, in Physiological and pathological conditions, regulating bone reabsorption. In this paper, we make a review about the research status and development direction.