吉林西部盐碱化草甸草木犀栽培研究

Research of melilotus cultivation in salinization meadow of western region of Jilin Province

在吉林西部盐碱化草甸土实验基地,采取不同方式进行草木犀栽培研究.研究草木犀种子营养成分含量、播种密度、田间管理、播种期、收获期、施用磷肥等对草木犀栽培的影响,对盐碱地生态修复提供理论依据.结果表明：不同种子的营养成分差异不大;不同密度栽培下白花草木犀产量高于黄花草木犀,白花草木犀在49.95万株/hm2密度下达到最高生物量和最高株高;4～6月栽培的草木犀植株生长势态较好,7～10月播种期效果不佳;不同播种量对草木犀总产量影响不大,条播和撒播下总产量较高;草木犀采收时期为,当年生可在霜冻前合理收获,二年生白花草木犀在孕蕾期前收获或在成熟期收获,香豆素含量较少;二年生黄花草木犀在开花前期收获香豆素含量相对较少;磷肥对草木犀幼苗根茎叶和根瘤的生长作用效果明显,过磷酸钙或钙镁磷肥二者间作用差异不大.在盐碱化草甸土上栽培草木犀有利于生态改良盐碱土壤.

The influences of seed nutrient content, sowing density, field management, sowing and harvest period, and phosphate fertilizer on melilotus cultivation were studied, which provide the theoretical basis for the melilotu ecological restoration. The difference of the nutrient composition of different seeds is little; the M.albus Desr. biomass is higher than that of the m.suaveolens Ledeb with different planting density. M.albus Desr. reaches the highest biomass and the maximum height in 33300 plants/mu. Cultivated melilotus plants grow better in June to April, but poor from July to October. Different seeding rate has little influence on the total output. The output is higher in drilling and scatter than that of bunch planting. Annuals can be harvested before the frost. The biennial m.albus Desr. can be harvested during the bud stage or before the mature period, which has the less content of coumarin. Coumarin content is relatively few in biennial m.albus Desr. in the blossom stage. The phosphate fertilizer has good effect on the growth of m.albus Desr.seedling leaves and root nodule, and there is little difference between calcium superphosphate and calcium-magnesia phosphate fertilizer. Cultivating melilotus on the salinization meadow soil is beneficial for the ecological improvement.