基于环境风险控制的危险废物选址-路径问题研究

Study of Location-routing of Hazardous Waste Based on Controlling Environmental Risks

为降低回收处理危险废物的环境危害,提出了基于环境风险控制的危险废物选址-路径问题,全面地评估了危险废物回收管理的环境风险。根据环境承载力的理论,设计了环境风险的度量方法。考虑废物残余的危险性、危险废物类型和加工技术种类的多样性、危险废物和加工技术的相容性,建立了成本最小化和环境风险最小化的0-1混合整数线性规划模型。针对双目标选址-路径模型的复杂性特点,设计了多阶段聚类遗传算法。以重庆危险废物物流管理为例,验证了模型和算法的有效性。结果表明:模型和算法能够为实际管理提供合理的选址-路径优化方案,且在两个不同对比条件下,相较于已有的模型,基于环境风险控制的优化方案能够分别降低33.85%和18.16%的总成本。

To reduce the environmental hazards derived from hazardous waste recycling and disposing,the location-routing problem of hazardous waste logistics based on controlling environmental risk is introduced,and the environmental risk of hazardous waste recycling and management is completely assessed. According to the environmental capacity theory,the environmental risk assessment method is designed. Considering the danger of waste residue,varieties of hazardous waste and process technology,as well as the waste-technology compatibility,a 0-1 mixed-integer liner programming model was constructed to bi-minimize the environmental risk and cost. According to the complexity characteristics of this bi-objective location-routing model,the multi-stage clustering genetic algorithm is designed. Finally,a real case from Chongqing hazardous waste logistics management is experimental analyzed to verify the effectiveness of this model and algorithm. The result indicates that（ 1） the model and the algorithm can provide reasonable location-routing scheme for the real management;（ 2） comparing with the existing models under 2 different conditions,the obtained optimal scheme based on controlling environmental risk can decrease the total cost by 33. 85% and 18. 16%respectively.