锥形PDC单齿破岩试验研究

Experimental Study on Rock Breaking of Conical PDC Cutter

为优化锥形PDC齿钻头的结构设计并提高其钻进硬地层的能力,通过锥形PDC切削齿在玄武岩上的破岩试验,分析了切削角、锥顶角及钻压等因素对锥形PDC切削齿破岩效率的影响规律。结果表明:锥形PDC齿适合其锥尖指向钻头轴线安装在钻头上;随着切削角增大,切削深度先增大后减小,当切削角为25°时,切削深度最深;破碎相同体积的岩石,锥顶角小的锥形PDC齿所需的水平切削力小,更易破碎岩石;切削深度与钻压呈指数关系,随着钻压增加而增大。试验结果可为锥形PDC齿钻头结构设计提供依据。

In order to optimize the structure of PDC bits and improve their breaking performance in hard formations,this paper analyzed the influences of cutting angle,cone apex angle,weight on bit（WOB）and other factors of rock breaking of conical PDC cutter,through experiment with basalt.The results showed that the conical cutter was better to be installed on the bit with its prong pointing the bit axis.With the increase of the cutting angle,the cutting depth increased first and then decreased-to the maximum when the cutting angle was 25°.The conical PDC cutter with small cone apex angle required smaller force to break the same volume of rock and the cutting depth increased with the WOB exponentially.The experimental results could provide reference for the design of a conical PDC bit.