儒家伦理规范体系建构的原则和方法——以“三礼”为中心的分析

Principles and Methods of Constructing Confucian Ethical Norm System——An Analysis Focusing on“Three Books of Li”

特定社会或一定伦理学系统中的伦理规范体系之内容、形式如何,在一定意义上取决于构建伦理规范体系的原则和方法,因此一个完善的伦理规范体系首先要有一套完善的构建伦理规范的原则和方法。"三礼"(《仪礼》、《周礼》和《礼记》)是儒家规范伦理学的重要文本,其中既蕴含着伦理规范体系得以建构的、具有最大普遍性的一般原则,同时还包含着在礼仪道德生活中具有针对性的行之有效的可适用的特定方法。这些原则有四个方面,即取法天道、因循自然;比拟象征、阴阳互补;以本定末、本末一体;立中制节、因顺人性;而合于"时"、"顺"、"体"、"宜"、"称"则是其五个方面的特定方法。它们综合反映了传统社会伦理生活之客观必然性和应然性,在一定意义上具有相对的合理性和正确性,可为中国特色的伦理规范体系的建设提供有益的借鉴。

The content and form of the ethical norm system in specific society or a certain ethics system,depend in a sense on the principles and methods of constructing ethical norm system. Thus,a perfect ethical norm system firstly should have a complete set of principles and methods in construction it.＂Three Books of Li＂（ Rites,the Book of Zhou and the Book of Rites） is an important carrier of the Confucian ethics,which not only contains the general principles of constructing ethical norm system with maximum universal principles,also a specific method with targeted,effective and applicable characteristics in moral life. These principles are of four aspects,namely,the law from the heaven and following the nature; comparison with symbol,mutual complements in yin and yang; deducing from the root to the branch,which is a whole; insisting in a middle course and following human nature. Specific methods are in five aspects,that is,Shi,Shun,Ti,Yi,and Cheng,which comprehensively reflects the state of its should be and necessity of the traditional social ethics life in China.Its rationality and correctness is certain,thus,these principles and methods can offer beneficial refer-ence for the construction of ethics system with Chinese characteristics.