国家文化距离对中国进出口贸易影响的区域差异

The Regional Differences of the Influence of National Cultural Distance on Chinese Import-Export Trade

根据文化簇群理论,将31个与中国贸易往来密切的样本国家(地区)分成六个不同的文化簇群,采用贸易引力模型,实证研究1995—2011年间中国与不同簇群内各国间文化距离之差对中国与它们进出口贸易的影响。结果表明:中国与不同簇群内各国间的文化距离对中国与它们的进出口贸易的影响存在差异,总体而言,中国对不同簇群内各国的出口比进口更容易受到文化距离的影响;中国与不同簇群内各国间各文化维度上的距离对中国进出口贸易的影响存在簇群差异,且影响方向不同。根据上述结论,将我国贸易伙伴国进一步细分为:不敏感型、出口敏感型、进口敏感型和双向敏感型,进而为我国新时期对外贸易发展提供有益的决策支持和启示。

According to cultural clustering theory, this paper first classifies 31 countries/regions, China’s close trade partners, into 6 cultural clusters, and then empirically studies the influence of the cultural distance gap between China and each country within each cluster on Chinese import- export trade with them. The results show that：（1）there exist differences in the influence of the gap of national cultural distance between China and each country within each cluster on Chinese import-export trade with them—in general, China’s export to each country in different cultural clusters is more susceptible to national cultural distance than its import from it;（2）there are also differences in the influence of the distance of each cultural dimension between China and each country within each cluster on Chinese import-export trade with them, and the influence directions are also different. Inspired by these conclusions, we further classify Chinese trade partners into 4 types： Insensitive Type, Export-sensitive Type, Import-sensitive Type and Two-way Sensitive Type. These findings provide a new policy frame and constructive enlightenment for China to develop its international trade in the new era.