中国民用机场可达性与服务范围测度

Measurement to Accessibility and Service Coverage of Civil Airports in China

基于累积耗费距离最短路径算法和GIS空间分析方法,计算了1991年和2012年中国民用航空机场的可达性及服务范围,评价了2012年各机场的服务能力和可达性溢出,并提出了未来机场的规划布局建议。结果表明:中国民用航空机场的平均可达时间由1991年的184.76min缩短到2012年的127.09min,全国地级行政区的机场平均可达时间则由88.66min缩短为54.44min;地级城市存在较高的机场可达性溢出。20年间,机场平均服务面积由10.44万km2减小到5.25万km2。机场空间布局为经济服务的倾向比较明显,2012年机场有效服务区总面积390.92万km2,覆盖了全国40%的国土面积、89.2%的人口与93.8%的经济总量。

Based on the matrix raster data, the spatial accessibility of China’s civil airports was calculated by using the cost weighted distance shortest path method. Service range of civil airports is calculated by using Cost Allocation method. Then, the spatial spillovers effect of accessibility for Chinese civil airports was examined at prefecture-level city scale. The service ability of civil airports was analyzed and some advice about the planning of Chinese civil aviation airports was put forward. Results show that the average accessibility of civil airports and prefecture- level city was shortened from 184.76 min in 1991 to 127.09 min in 2012, and from 88.66 min in 1991 to 54.44 min in 2012 respectively.The spillover effect of accessibility at prefecture-level city scale is rather strong. The average service area of civil airport’s in China decreased from 10.44×104km2to 5.25×104km2during the period of 1991-2012. Tendency of spatial layout of civil airports serving for the economy is more obvious. In 2012, the area of valid service zones of civil airports in China is about 390.92 × 104km2. The ratio of area, population and GDP of valid service zones of airports to the total volume in China is 40%, 89.2% and 93.8% respectively.