经济增长和人口集聚对城市环境空气质量的影响及区域分异——以第一阶段实施新空气质量标准的74个城市为例

Impact of Economic Growth and Population Aggregation on Urban Environmental Quality and Its Regional Differentiation:A Case Study of 74 Cities Implemented the New Standard for Air Quality during the First Stage

为评估经济增长和人口集聚对城市环境空气质量的影响,寻求源头改善城市环境空气质量的可行路径,以第一阶段实施新空气质量标准的74个城市为例,基于输出导向的数据包络分析模型,以经济和人口指标为输入,以城市环境空气质量指数为输出,计算城市经济增长和人口集聚的整体效率,表征经济增长和人口集聚对城市环境空气质量的影响。结果表明:三大城市群中,京津冀的环境影响比长三角大26.0%,长三角比珠三角大11.2%;省会城市中,中部地区的环境影响最大,东北地区其次,西部地区第三,东部地区最小。快速推进的工业化和城镇化,投资拉动冶金、能源重化工产业和房地产业高速发展,土地财政助推人口密度不断提高,使得大气污染物在城市局地范围内、短时间、大量集中排放,远超城市大气环境容量,是造成城市环境空气质量明显下降的根本原因。改善城市环境空气质量,必须从环境影响源头入手,加快经济转型升级步伐,适度、有序推进人口城镇化。

In order to evaluate the impact of economic growth and population aggregation on urban environmental quality and seek for a practical path to improve it from the source, this paper takes 74 cities implemented the new standard for air quality during the first stage as the study area and calculates the overall efficiency of urban economic growth and population aggregation based on the data envelope analysis model. This model takes the economic and population indicators as the input and the urban air quality index as the output. The result can represent the impact of economic growth and population aggregation on urban environmental quality. It shows that within three urban agglomerations the impact in the Beijing- Tianjin- Hebei Region is higher than it’s in the Yangtze River Delta with 26.0 percent and the impact in the Yangtze River Delta is higher than it is in the Pearl River Delta with 11.2 percent. Within the provincial capitals, the impact on urban environment in the Central China is the highest and the next is in the Northeast China.Thirdly, it’s in the Western China and the last one is in the Eastern China. Because of the rapid industrialization and urbanization, the investment pulls the high- speed development in metallurgy, energy and heavy chemical industry, real estate industry. The land finance policy pushes the continuing increase of population density which leads to the air pollutant emission concentration in local area of city during a short time. It has exceeded the atmospheric environmental capacity. It’s the main reason which leads to the dramatic decrease of the urban environmental quality. Therefore, we must begin with the environmental effect source, speeding up the economic transition and pushing the population urbanization with a proper and orderly speed in order to improve the urban environmental quality.