世界城市目标下的北京产业链演变研究

The Evolution of Beijing Industry Chain on the Perspective of the World City

在建设世界城市目标下,根据1997、2002和2007年北京投入产出表,以净输出、区位商、影响力及感应度系数等综合指标分析了北京核心产业和产业链的演变。研究表明:核心产业具有一定的稳定性和延续性。1997—2007年,一直处于核心产业的主要有计算机制造业、建筑业、航空运输业、金融业及科教服务业。同时,一些不再适合北京城市性质和功能的产业链如纺织服装业、饮料制造业、钢铁制造业等劳动密集型、高能耗型、高耗水的产业链逐步退出,而适应北京向世界城市转变的知识密集型的产业链在城市经济发展中逐渐形成,产业链逐步向高端化方向演替。现代服务业产业链逐步增多,由1997年的4个增加到2002年的5个以及2007年的6个,而且产业链中的产业联系向更加紧密和专业化方向发展。其中,金融产业链从与钢压延加工业结合向房地产结合转变,再向商务服务业结合转变;电子信息产业链从与制造业结合向知识密集型服务业结合转变;科教服务业一直是北京城市功能独特的优势。现代服务业所具有的高端、高效和对其他行业高辐射力的作用逐步增强。

According to the input-output tables of Beijing in 1997, 2002 and 2007, this paper analyzes the core industry and evolution of industry chain with the comprehensive index of net output, location quotient, influence coefficient and inducing coefficient in the construction of World City. The result shows that core industry has a certain stability and continuity. There always were computer manufacturing industry, construction industry, aviation industry, financial industry, science and technology service industry during the period of 1997-2007. Beijing’s industrial chain is becoming optimized and high- end oriented. Some industries with labor- intensive, high energy consumption and high water consumption gradually withdraw from core industries because they are no longer suitable for Beijing city characters and functions, such as textile and garment industry, drink industry, steel industry. Others gradually become core industry such as knowledge intensive industry. Modern service industry chain gradually increased from 4 in 1997, 5 in 2002 and 6 in2007. Inner sections of industrial chain connect with each other more closely and professional. Financial industry chain is developing gradually to the high-end, and has transformed from steel industry to real estate, to the commercial services.Electronic information industry chain is gradually improving, and has transformed from manufacture to intensive service industry. Science and education service industry is always thought as the unique advantages of Beijing. The modern service industry with advanced, efficient and high influent is becoming more and more powerful.