近50年湖南省耕地利用绩效时空分异特征

Temporal and Spatial Characteristics of the Cultivated Land Use Performance of Hunan Province in the Past 50 Years

从投入强度、利用程度、经济效益、社会效益和生态效益5个方面,选取18个单项指标,构建耕地利用绩效综合评价指标体系。运用熵值法,结合GIS和空间自相关技术,分析近50年湖南省耕地利用绩效时空分异特征。结果表明:11963—2009年湖南省耕地利用绩效呈现"缓慢下降—波动缓增—加速增长"的阶段性发展趋势,即1963—1977年处于缓慢下降阶段;1978—1999年表现为波动增长阶段;2000—2009年处于加速增长阶段。湖南省耕地利用绩效以经济效益和社会效益快速增长为主要特征,各子系统呈现不同的演变特征。2从空间分异规律看,2009年湖南省各县耕地利用绩效具有显著的区域差异性,呈现集簇分布的空间特征。耕地利用绩效较高水平县域多集中分布在长株潭和洞庭湖地区;大湘西地区多数县域耕地利用绩效处于低水平状态。3自然环境、社会经济发展水平、农业基础条件和区位条件是湖南省耕地利用绩效空间分异的主要影响因素。

In this paper, for an estimation of the cultivated land use performance it is possible to offer a comprehensive estimation system consisting of five dimensions,including the land-use investment intensity, utilization degree, economic benefit, ecological benefit and social benefit. The five dimensions include 18 factors. Using the entropy value method, the combination of GIS and spatial autocorrelation analysis technology, it attempts to analyze the temporal and spatial characteristics of the cultivated land use performance of Hunan Province with the comprehensive estimation system from1963 to 2009. The results show that the evolution of Hunan Province’s cultivated land use performance is divided into three stages in 1963~2009,from 1963 to 1977, there is a short chronology of the downward trend, then 1978 to 1999 Hunan Province’s cultivated land use performance fluctuation increases slowly, from 2000 to 2009 there is continues improving rapidly. Economic benefit and social benefit are the main features of evolution of the cultivated land use performance in Hunan Province. The evolution of all the five subsystems has unique characteristics. The cultivated land use performance has obvious regional difference and spatial agglomeration characteristics in 2009. The cultivated land use performance of Hunan Province is higher in Chang-Zhu-Tan area and Dongting Lake region than western region. The types of cultivated land use performance of Hunan Province are dominated by higher and lower type. Diversity is the main influencing factors of the cultivated land use performance. Geographical environment, social and economic development level, agricultural infrastructure and location are the main influencing factors of spatial differentiation of the cultivated land use performance in Hunan Province.