有机栽培对杂交粳稻产量和品质的影响

Effects of Organic Farming on Yield and Quality of Hybrid Japonica Rice

以杂交粳稻(常优2号、常优5号、甬优8号)和常规粳稻(淮稻5号、南粳46、南粳5055)为试材,比较研究了有机和常规栽培方式对两种类型粳稻的产量和品质的影响,探索了有机栽培条件下杂交粳稻实现稳产优质的可能性。结果表明,有机栽培杂交、常规粳稻平均产量分别为8.11 t hm–2和6.29 t hm–2,前者比后者高28.93%。有机栽培杂交粳稻的群体总茎蘖数低于常规粳稻,但成穗率较常规粳稻增加了6.5个百分点。两种类型水稻叶面积指数和光合势在各生育期均表现为有机栽培<常规栽培,但有机栽培杂交粳稻叶面积指数和光合势降幅较小。有机栽培条件下,杂交粳稻生育后期平均群体生长率是常规粳稻1.29倍,干物质积累比例高出8.81个百分点。有机栽培略微降低了杂交粳稻的加工品质,但显著改善了外观品质,提高胶稠度、降低直链淀粉含量,对蛋白质含量影响较小,总体上改善了蒸煮食味品质。有机栽培下杂交粳稻产量优势明显且有较好的品质性状,在有机稻米产业发展中具有独特的应用价值。

Two types ofjaponica rice, including three varieties of hybridjaponica rice （Changyou 2, Changyou 5, Yongyou 8） and three varieties of conventionaljaponica rice （Huaidao 5, Nanjing 46, Nanjing 5055）, were grown under organic farming and con-ventional farming. The possibility achieving stable production and high quality under organic farming was explored. The results showed that average yield of hybridjaponica rice and conventionaljaponica rice was 8.11 and 6.29 t ha–1 respectively, under or-ganic farming. While, total stem and tiller number in the population of conventional rice varieties was more than that of hybrid rice under both farming treatments, the decline of tillers of hybridjaponica rice was more stable and as a result, the percentage of earbearing tillers of hybridjaponica rice under organic farming increased by 6.50% compared with conventional rice. In each growth period, rice leaf area index and photosynthesis potential showed the trend of conventional farming 〉 organic farming, and also, compared with the conventional cultivation, smaller drops in those indexes were found under organic farming for hybrid japonica rice than for conventionaljaponica rice. Furthermore, the average population growth rate of hybridjaponica rice was 1.29% higher and the accumulation of dry matter ratio was 8.81% higher than those of conventionaljaponica rice. Compared with conventional cultivation, organic farming slightly declined the processing quality of all rice varieties, but improved the appearance quality and eating quality through reducing the chalk white degree, increasing gel consistency and lowering amylose content. Whereas, the impact of farming methods was not significant on protein content. In sum, with significantly increasing yield and excellent quality traits, hybridjaponica rice displays obvious advantages under organic farming, therefore has a unique applica-tion value in the development of organic rice industry.