有序摆抛栽对粳型超级稻稻米品质的影响

Effect of Ordered Transplanting and Optimized Broadcasting on Japonica Super Rice Quality

抛秧是一项轻简和高产高效的水稻栽培技术,有序化抛栽不仅利于进一步挖掘抛秧高产潜力,还对稻米品质有重要影响。本试验通过摆栽、点抛、撒抛3种抛栽方式以及三连孔、二连孔与常规单孔塑盘培育稻株的稻米品质比较,研究粳型超级稻有序抛栽的稻米品质特征,为超级稻优质米生产提供理论和实践依据。结果表明,不同栽插方式间稻米的糙米率、精米率和整精密率表现为摆栽>点抛>撒抛、机插,以及二连孔>三连孔>单孔,稀植有序摆抛栽利于加工品质的改善;稻米的垩白率、垩白大小和垩白度呈现摆栽>点抛>撒抛、机插的趋势,以及二连孔、三连孔>单孔,三连孔、二连孔穴内分蘖多且竞争大,一定程度削弱了穴间空间大的优势,所以其外观品质较单孔稍差;胶稠度、峰值黏度、热浆黏度和崩解值均表现为摆栽>点抛>撒抛、机插,而蛋白质含量呈现相反趋势。不同连孔处理间直链淀粉和蛋白质含量变化较小,峰值黏度、崩解值表现为二连孔>三连孔、单孔,最终黏度和回复值则为三连孔、二连孔<单孔。有序摆抛栽能改善稻米加工品质、外观品质和蒸煮食味品质,特别是二连孔、三连孔有序摆抛栽对稻米品质有明显改善作用。

Broadcasting rice is a simple cultivation method with high yield and efficiency. The ordered plantation influences on not only the further high yielding but also the rice quality, so it is necessary to research the quality of ordered transplanting rice providing theoretical and practical basis for good quality rice production. Three planting methods including ordered transplanting （OT）, optimized broadcasting （OB） and cast transplanting （CT） using dry-raising seedlings in 3-hole, 2-hole, and 1-hole plastic plates were compared with mechanical transplanting （MT） to investigate rice quality characteristics of super rice. The results in-dicated that brown rice rate （BR）, milled rice rate （MR）, head milled rice rate （HMR） in different treatments were all as OT 〉 OB 〉CT and MT, and 2-hole 〉 3-hole 〉 1-hole, showing that the sparsely ordered transplanting and optimized broadcasting were beneficial for improving rice processing quality. Chalkiness rate （CR）, chalkiness size （CS）, chalkiness degree （CD） in different treatments showed the trend of OT 〉 OB 〉 CT and MT, and 2-hole 〉 3-hole 〉 1-hole, the more tillers and larger competition in 2-hole and 3-hole treatments weakened the appearance quality. Gel consistency （GC）, peak viscosity, trough viscosity and break- down value in different treatments were OT 〉 OB 〉 CT and MT. There were no significant changes in amylose content and pro-tein content in different holes treatments, Peak viscosity and breakdown value showed the trend of 2-hole〉3-hole and 1-hole, and the final viscosity and setback showed 2-hole and 3-hole〉1-hole. In conclusion, ordered transplanting and optimized broadcasting, especially 2-hole and 3-hole transplanting, improve rice processing, appearance, cooking, eating and nutritional qualities.