小儿肺炎支原体感染流行病学特征

Epidemiological characteristics of mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in children

肺炎支原体（mycoplasma pneumoniae,MP）是小儿呼吸道感染的最常见病原之一,每隔3-8年有一次流行,在密闭环境中如学校、幼托机构等可造成暴发。MP感染无性别差异,但年龄特征明显,多见于学龄前期和学龄期儿童,婴幼儿也不少见。全年均有散发,我国北方以冬季多发,南方则以夏秋季较多,气候因素也有一定影响。近年来,重症和难治性支原体肺炎日趋增多,混合感染、对大环内酯类抗生素耐药和MP定植不容忽视。联合使用血清学和PCR方法能提高诊断阳性率。

Mycoplasma pneumonia（MP）is one of the most common pathogens of respiratory tract infection in children,which occurs cyclically every 3-8 years. MP infection may break out in the airtight environment such as school or child-care institution. No gender differences are observed in MP infection,but age characteristics are obvious. MP infection ismore commonly observed in preschool and school-age children,even in children under 5 years of age. MP infection issporadic throughout the whole year,with a higher incidence in winter in north china,more common in summer and au-tumn in south china,and climate factors have certain influence as well. In recent years,severe and refractory mycoplas-ma pneumoniae pneumonia is increasing,and co-infections,macrolide-resistance and Mycoplasma pneumoniae coloni-zation should not be ignored. Combination of serology and PCR may improve the diagnostic positive rate.