试论南岭钨矿“上脉下体”成矿模式

A New Metalloginetic Model for Tungsten Deposit in South China's Nanling Area: Up Veins + Underneath Mineralized Granite

南岭是世界上钨矿储量最丰富的地区,而且类型齐全,以石英脉型黑钨矿床开采历史最久、工业意义最大。经过长期的矿山开发和科学研究,中国地矿工作者总结出了石英脉型黑钨矿床的"五层楼"模式,近年来随着深部找矿的开展,又提出了"五层楼+地下室模式"。在前人成果的基础上,文章分析了"五层楼"和"五层楼+地下室"这两个找矿模式及其在应用中出现的问题,并以赣南茅坪钨矿含矿石英脉与浸染状蚀变花岗岩型钨矿体共存的"上脉下体"为典型实例,论述了"上脉"和"下体"之间的成因关系,明确指出"上脉下体"是与花岗岩有关的热液钨多金属矿床的重要成矿模式;提出了"上脉下体"成矿模式在南岭钨矿区存在的普遍性,对深入研究"上脉下体"成矿模式的科学意义进行了探讨。

The Nanling area of South China is well-known as the most important tungsten reserve region in the world. Among various types of tungsten ores, the wolframite-quartz vein is by far the most valuable ore type. In 1960s, a ′five-floors′ model was put forward to describe the vertical variation of the wolframite-quartz veins. In recent years, the model was developed to a ′five-floors＋basement′ model, since some other tungsten mineralization types were found mainly in the lowermost part of the so-called ′five-floors′. The present paper discusses the problems of the ′five-floors′ and ′five-floors＋basement′ models. Based on the two types of tungsten mineralization in Maoping deposit in southern Jiangxi, a new model called ′up veins＋underneath mineralized granite′ is proposed. The relation of wolframite-quartz veins and the underneath disseminated tungsten mineralization in altered （mostly greisenized） granite intrusion is analyzed. The difference between this new model and two previous models is also discussed. It is emphasized that the new model is an important metallogenetic model from the point of granite- related magmatic-hydrothermal mineralization. The genetic mechanism and ore-forming process of tungsten- polymetallic deposits in the Nanling area are discussed.