基于生物协同作用的强化生态浮床对养殖水体的净化效果

Aquaculture waste water treatment by an enhanced ecological floating bed based on synergistic effect

为了提高传统植物浮床对养殖水体的净化效果,降低养殖排放水污染,采用在凤眼莲Eichhornia crassipes浮床底部放置生物陶粒基质的方法构建强化生态浮床,研究了该强化生态浮床对养殖水体的净化效果。结果表明:用强化生态浮床净化水体16d时,对总氮(TN)、氨氮(NH+4-N)、亚硝氮(NO-2-N)、总磷(TP)、化学耗氧量(COD)的去除率分别达到48.57%、68.52%、77.05%、71.17%、47.22%,均显著高于凤眼莲组和生物陶粒组(P<0.05);经强化生态浮床净化后的养殖水体中,TN、TP水平分别达到淡水池塘养殖排放水一级标准(SC/T9101—2007),NH+4-N浓度降至0.20mg/L以下,NO-2-N浓度降至0.01mg/L以下。研究表明,强化生态浮床中植物、基质和微生物的协同作用提高了其对污染物的去除效果。

A combined ecological floating bed was established in a pond by hanging bio-ceramic matrix under a floating bed made of aquatic plant Eichhornia crassipes and the aquaculture wastewater was purified by the floating bed made of the aquatic plant in order to improve the purification effect of the traditional plant floating bed on aquaculture water,and to reduce the aquaculture water pollution. Results showed that the removal efficiency was found 48. 57% in total nitrogen（ TN）,68. 52% in NH＋4-N,77. 05% in NO-2-N,71. 17% in total phosphorus（ TP）,and 47. 22% in chemical oxygen demand（ COD） when the enhanced ecological floating bed was operated for 16d,significantly higher than that in plant control group and matrix control group（ P〈0. 05）. The concentrations of TN and TP were decreased to the first standard of the waste water in a freshwater fish pond which was purified by the enhanced ecological floating bed,with the ammonia concentration of〈 0. 20mg/L and nitrite concentration of〈 0. 01mg/L.The findings indicated that the synergism among plant absorbing,matrix adsorption and microorganism in the enhanced ecological floating bed led to improvement of pollutant removal efficiency for aquaculture wastewater.