不同氮、磷、钾、钙水平对脐橙产量及果实品质的影响

On Influence of Different Percentage of N,P,K and Ca on Navel Orange Yield and Fruit Quality

通过选用大量元素氮(N)、磷(P)、钾(K)和中量元素钙(Ca)肥相结合的肥料组合方式,采用4因素3水平正交施肥试验,探索了不同N,P,K,Ca水平对脐橙产量、品质等的影响.结果表明:在本试验条件下,在每667m2施N肥20kg,同时配施适量的P,K,Ca肥的情况下,既能提高产量,也能使果实风味和品质得到提高.其中产量以处理4(N2P1K2Ca3)水平为最高,两年累积每667m2达3 478.0kg以上,果实品质以处理5(N2P2K3Ca1)水平最好,风味浓郁,香甜,化渣,其TSS和WSS都最高,分别高达13.98和14.84,其糖酸比和固酸比分别达18.06和17.01.在一定范围内,不同肥料对产量的相关性从大到小依次为N,K,Ca,P,且都呈正相关,其中N肥与产量呈显著正相关.K肥与TSS和固酸比也表现为显著正相关关系.综合各种因素,以处理5施肥方案为最优方案.

The fertilizer compound mode of combining macro elements N ,P and K with medium element Ca has beenchosen ,the cross fertilization experiment with four factors and three percentagesbeen adopted , and the influence of different percentage of N ,P ,K and Ca on navel orange yield and fruit quality been probed .On the condition of spreading nitrogen fertilizer 20 kg per 667 m2 with the application of appropri‐ate amount of phosphate ,potash ,calcium fertilizer ,navel oranges ,yield is increased ,the fruit flavor and quality are also upgraded ,among which disposal four（N2P1K2Ca3）results in the highest yield（3 478 .0 kg per 667 m2 ） ,disposal five（N2P2K3Ca1）give rise to the best fruit flavor and quality （the highest content of TTS and WSS in navel oranges can reach 13 .98 and 14 .84 each ,the sugar‐acid ratio and the solid acid rati‐ocan achieve 18 .06 and 17 .01 respectively） .To some extent ,the yield relevance to spreading different fer‐tilizers is N〉K〉Ca〉P ,all of w hich belong to positive correlation ,nitrogen fertilizer has a marked posi‐tive correlation to navel oranges ,yield ,and potash fertilizer also has a marked positive correlation to TSS and solid acid ratio .On the w hole disposal five（N2P2K3Ca1） is the best .