褒贬词线索影响下的大学生前瞻记忆

Study on College Student's Prospective Memory Based on Chinese Commendatory or Derogatory Term Clues

目的探讨大学生被试在前瞻记忆任务下褒贬词线索对前瞻记忆的影响。方法在某高校240名大一学生中进行前瞻记忆实验,采用2(实验类型)×3(词义)混合实验设计对前瞻记忆靶任务和进行中任务的正确率和反应时进行分析。结果前瞻记忆靶任务中,未发现实验类型和词义的主效应及两者的交互效应;而在进行中任务时,实验类型和词义特征均存在显著的主效应,同时二者还存在显著的交互作用。简单效应分析显示,在贬义词判断的进行中任务时,基于时间的前瞻记忆反应时显著大于基于事件的前瞻记忆反应时;在基于时间的前瞻记忆进行中任务时,贬义词义的反应时显著大于褒义和中性词的反应时。结论含褒贬词义特征的靶词线索对前瞻记忆没有显著影响,会影响进行中记忆任务绩效,并且对基于时间的前瞻记忆的影响程度大于基于事件的前瞻记忆。认知资源的分配在前瞻任务和进行中任务上存在此消彼长的平衡关系。

Objective To investigate the influence of commendatory and derogatory terms clues’ on college students prospective memory with the tasks given. Methods Random sampling of 240 freshmen executed the prospective memory experiment. The accuracy and reaction time were analyzed with 2（ experiment types） ＊ 3（ terms） mixed experimental design in PM task and ongoing task. Results No main effects and interaction effect of both experiment types and terms in PM task were found. In ongoing task,there were significant main effects of experiment types and terms characteristics,and so did their interaction effect. Simple effect analysis showed that in ongoing task of derogatory terms judgment,time- based PM reaction time was significantly longer than that of the event- based PM response. Time- based PM reaction time was significantly longer than that of commendatory and neutral terms. Conclusion Cue target terms had no significant effect on PM tasks but they affected memory performance. Its influence on PM time- based task was greater than that on event- based PM tasks. It was found that there was a cognitive resources trade- off between prospective memory task and ongoing task.