国际法视域下的生命伦理原则

Bioethics Principles in the International Legal Instruments

以联合国教科文组织和欧洲委员会为代表的诸多国际组织意识到了生命医学技术高速发展滋生了诸多新的生命伦理问题。因此有必要创制若干国际公约或宣言,以尽可能细致而全面地解决生命伦理问题。到目前为止,主要有五个规制生命伦理问题的国际文件,其中提出了若干生命伦理原则。从其本质上讲,这些生命伦理原则既是底线生命伦理原则,又是国际人权原则。然而,这些生命伦理原则并不是国际人权原则在生命伦理领域的简单重复,而是涵盖了生命伦理领域过去与当下涉及人权问题的诸多争议,体现了生命伦理与人权的互补性。

Many international organizations, particularly the UNESCO and the council of Europe, are share of the opinion that burgeoning development of scientific knowledge in the field of biomedicine produces new bioethics problems. Therefore, the convention or declaration with universal character should be established in order to codify the rules, as precisely and fully as possible, in the fields of biomedicine and bioethics. Until now, there are five main relevant international instruments and some bioethics principles. In essence, the bioethics principles enshrined in the instruments are considered to be the bottom line bioethical principles and human rights principles at their core. Moreover,they are not mere rehearsals of abstract human rights norms. Rather, they infuse human rights with past and contemporary controversies in bioethics, thereby illustrating the complementarities of human rights and bioethics.