金属改性13x分子筛在木材阻燃中的抑烟减毒作用

Study on smoke suppression and toxicity reducing by metal-modifi ed 13x molecular sieves in wood fl ame retardant

抑烟、减毒是减少火灾中人员伤亡的重要途径。采用锥形量热法、热分析法和扫描电镜研究了铁和铜改性13x分子筛和聚磷酸铵复合阻燃木材的燃烧、烟气释放和成炭特性。结果表明:铁、铜改性分子筛与聚磷酸铵复合处理木材的总热释放量(THR)与空白样相比分别降低了36.8%、39.8%,总烟释放量(TSP)降低了69.3%、72.8%,CO平均产率(YCO)降低了40.2%、44.5%,均具有优异的阻燃、抑烟和减毒效果;热分析和电镜实验表明,APP的催化脱水作用有利于炭层形成,铁、铜改性分子筛与聚磷酸铵的协同作用使炭层结构紧密。APP对木材具有高效阻燃作用,但产生大量有毒气体,铁、铜改性分子筛与聚磷酸铵复合阻燃剂在高效阻燃的同时具有少烟低毒的特性。

Smoke suppression and toxicity reducing are the important ways to reduce the fire ca sualties. By using cone calorimetry, thermal analysis and scanning electron microscopy methods, the burning, smoke release and carbon characteristics of iron and coppermodified 13 x molecular sieves with ammonium polyphosphate（APP） flame retardant wood were studied. The results show that total heat release（THR） of iron, copper-modified zeolites-APP composites flame retardant wood were reduced by more 36.8% and 39.8% than the control samples, the total smoke release production（TSP） were reduced by 69.3% and 72.8% than the controls, the average yield of CO（YCO） were reduced by 40.2% and 44.5% than the controls, three indexes all had excellent flame retardant, smoke suppression and toxicity reducing effects. The results of thermal analysis and electron microscopy experiments indicate that the catalytic dehydration of APP helped the carbon layer to form, the synergy of the iron and copper-modified molecular sieves and ammonium polyphosphate make the structure of carbon layer closer. The findings suggested that APP had efficient flame retardant effect for wood, but produce large amounts of toxic gases at the same time, the iron and copper-modified 13 x molecular sieves composite with compound ammonium polyphosphate fire retardant had the characteristics of less smoke and low toxicity.