九五至尊思想在云冈巨佛雕刻中的体现

The Nine and Five Supreme Thought Embodied in Yungang Giant Buddha

云冈石窟早、中期的开凿贯穿着"龙飞九五"、"九五至尊"的思想。早期的昙曜五窟,就是从"九五至尊"的"五"得阳位之中正,即最理想的地区而来。昙曜五窟的五尊大佛,分别象征着拓跋珪(20窟)、拓跋嗣(19窟)、拓跋焘(18窟)、拓跋晃(17窟)、拓跋濬(16窟)。而孝文帝时继续开凿的四大窟,继承了昙曜五窟开凿时确立的指导思想,与昙曜五窟共同构成了"九五"之"九",中期的四大佛窟分别象征着拓跋弘(13窟)、元宏(10窟)、文明太后冯氏(3窟)和元恂(5窟)。都体现了佛教必须为皇权服务的原则。

The early carving of Yungang Grottos reflected the ＂Nine and Five Supreme Thought＂. Tanyao Five Caves was originated from the ＂five＂ of the thought. The five giant buddhas in this cave respectively symbolized Toh-bah Gui（Cave 20）, Tohbah Si（Cave 19）, Toh-bah Tao（Cave 18）, Toh-bah Huang（Cave 17）, Toh-bah Jun（Cave 16）. In the Emperor Xiaowen period of Northern Wei Dynasty, another four large caves were caved, following the guideline of the ＂Nine and Five Supreme Thought＂, which combined with Tanyao Five Caves to form nine caves. The four caves respectively symbolized Toh-bah Hong（Cave 13）, Yuan Hong（Cave 10）, Empress Dowager Feng（Cave 3） and Yuan Xun（Cave 5）. These caves reflects that Buddhism serve the imperial power.