“壁虎”方言词造词理据的地域文化特征

Geographical and Cultural Characteristics of Dialect Word Naming Motivation of "Gecko" (Bihu)

从"壁虎"方言词的构词理据看,比较明显地呈现出北片、中片、南片和闽语片四个不同类型。北片的内部比较统一,但是也因为不同地区人们的独特观察和表达而有些细微的差别;闽语片内部也相对一致一些。而中片、南片则多交错:中片因为北方移民留居而带入北方的主语素"虎";南片西南官话入乡随俗而兼用南地语素"蛇"。"虎"、"蛇"两语素交错使用是"壁虎"一词见于文献记载、得以传播后出现的新局面;闽语独具一格的创新构词先于"虎""蛇"并列的时代。而闽语中所用主语素同样为"蛇"及其化身,则说明比附蛇而称之,是壁虎不同于文献记载而实际使用最广的早期称谓方式。

From the naming motivation of the dialect word ＂gecko＂（bihu）,there are obviously four areas：northern area,central area,southern area and Southern Fujian dialect. The northern area in internally unified,with subtle defferences because of unique ovservation of people in different regions. The dialect of Southern Fujian is also internally unified. Central and southern areas crisscross mutually. Since the emigrants from the north came to the central area,the morpheme ＂tiger＂（hu） has been brought in this area. In southern area,the southwest mandarin uses local morpheme ＂snake＂（she）. Therefore,the morphemes ＂tiger＂（hu） and ＂snake＂（she） once had been used at the same time in ancient literature after the creative naming motivation of Southern Fujian dialect,which used the morpheme ＂snake＂（she）.