全科医生执业及服务方式的国际经验与启示

International experiences and implications of the practice and service mode of general practitioners

本文比较了部分典型国家和地区全科医生的执业及服务方式,发现全科医生执业以自雇为主、多种雇佣形式并存;以自由多点执业为主、固定执业为补充;服务方式从单独服务向跨专业联合团队服务过渡。启示:全科医生自由多点执业需要一定的社会环境和条件,组建跨专业的联合团队正在成为全科医生服务方式的发展方向,不同卫生体制国家全科医生在建立转诊制度中的作用不同。建议:创造多元、宽松的执业环境,为全科医生执业方式转变提供条件;加强多学科服务团队建设,推动全科医学服务方式在社区的转变;通过医保基金调控,逐步建立"守门人"制度,实现分级诊疗;鼓励社会力量举办全科医学服务机构,促进健康服务产业发展。

This paper compared the practice and service mode of general practitioners （ GPs） from a selection of typical countries and regions and discovered that GPs from most of the countries were self-employed, with various forms of employment, freedom to practice and work in different institutions;fixed practices were supplemented, and service types were transformed from individual services to the multi-disciplinary team of services. Result： GPs’ free-dom to practice in different institutions requires a certain social environment and circumstances. The multi-disciplina-ry team of practices has become the development direction for the service modes of GPs. GPs have played different roles in establishing the referral system in the health systems of different countries. Consequently, the paper suggests that establishing a diverse and relaxed practice environment to provide conditions for the transformation of the service mode of GPs. The construction of a multi-disciplinary team to promote changes in community service modes was must be strengthened. Health insurance regulations should be encouraged to establish the gatekeeper system and realize a grading of systems. Social capital should be encouraged to organize general medical services to promote the develop-ment of the health care industry.