社区空巢老人主观幸福感影响变量及与社会支持的调查分析

Survey on Influence Variables of Subjective Well-being and Social Support of Community Empty Nesters

目的了解影响空巢老人幸福感的因素,为今后在社区开展健康教育和心理干预提供依据。方法201403-201406期间采用随机抽样法选择大同城区年龄为60周岁及以上的空巢老人207名做为研究对象,其中男性90例,女性117例;采用社会支持量表(SSRS)、纽芬兰大学幸福度量表(MUNSH)进行调查。结果调查发现空巢老人社会支持与其主观幸福感呈显著正相关(P<0.01),获得社会支持越多的老年人其主观幸福感得分越高。结论处于在婚状态、经常参加体育锻炼、未患有慢性疾病、经济情况好且兴趣爱好多的空巢老人主观幸福感得分较高;社会支持是影响空巢老人主观幸福感的中间变量,应大力推行社区卫生服务建设,从多方面(物质、精神、社会、家庭、信息)帮助空巢老人建立良好的社会支持系统,可有效提升其主观幸福感。

Objective To probe into influence variables, provide the basis for future health education and psychological interventions in the community. Method From March to June 2014, a total of 207 empty-nesters 60 years old and above in Datong city were investigated by using Social Support Scale（SSRS）, University of Newfoundland Scale of Happiness（MUNSH）, among them, male 90 cases, female 117 cases. Results The survey found a significant positive correlation between social support and empty-nesters SWB（P 0.01）, the more social support for elderly people whose SWB higher the score. Conclusions In the marriage state, regular exercise, not suffering from chronic diseases, with good economic situation and more hobbies, empty nestersget higher SWB scores; Social support is the intermediate variables affecting empty-nesters SWB. We should promote the construction of community health services, establish a good social support system in many ways（physical, mental, social, family, information）to help empty-nesters, and effectively enhance their subjective well-being.