3种交叉配血方法在新生儿输血安全中的应用

Application of 3 kinds of method of blood crossmatching in neonatal blood transfusion security

目的探讨盐水介质法、凝聚胺法、微柱凝胶法3种交叉配血法在新生儿输血安全中的应用价值。方法同时用盐水法、凝聚胺法、微柱凝胶法对174例需要输血的新生儿进行同型交叉配血,常规检测不规则抗体,直接抗人球蛋白试验,不规则抗体阳性者进一步做抗体特异性鉴定。结果盐水法有14例(8.05%)配血不合;凝聚胺法有1例(0.57%)配血不合;微柱凝胶法有62例(35.63%)配血不合,其中31例为直抗阳性引起的次侧不合,1例为抗-D抗体导致的3种方法均不合。凝聚胺法和微柱凝胶法差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论微柱凝胶法用于新生儿交叉配血标本用量少,操作简便,易于标准化,结果清晰易判,敏感度高于凝聚胺法,对保障新生儿安全输血具有重要意义。

Objective To investigate the application values of 3kinds of crossmatching method saline medium method,polybrene test and microcolumn gel test in the neonatal blood transfusion security.Methods 174 newborns needing blood transfusion were simultaneously performed the isotype crossmatching by the saline method,polybrene test and microcolumn gel test.The irregular antibody and the direct antiglobulin test were routinely conducted,the samples with positive irregular antibody were further performed the antibody specificity identification.Results 14cases（8.05%）of crossmatching incompatibility were found by the saline method,1case（0.57%）by the polybrene test and 62cases（35.63%）by the microcolumn gel test;among which,31 cases were secondary side crossmatching incompatibility caused by positive direct antiglobulin test,1 was the incompatibility of 3 methods caused by anti-D antibodies.The difference between the polybrene test and the microcolumn gel test was of statistical significance（P〈0.05）.Conclusion The blood crossmatching by the microcolumn gel test in blood transfusion of newborns requires quite few amount of blood sample,is simple to operate and easy to be standardized.With results clearly and easily measured and sensitivity higher than that of polybrene test,its result is clear and easy to be judged,its sensitivity is higher than that of the polybrene test,which has the important significance for ensuring the neonatal blood transfusion safety.