不同喂养方式及辅食添加时间与婴幼儿过敏性疾病的关系

Correlation among feeding patterns,complementary food adding time and infant allergic disease

目的探讨不同乳源喂养时间及不同母乳喂养时间、添加辅食与婴幼儿过敏性疾病的相关性。方法收集2013年1月至2014年1月间在展览路医院接受过敏性疾病诊断的小儿246例,采用问卷调查方式进行研究,分析不同乳源喂养时间与婴幼儿过敏性疾病相关性,以及不同母乳喂养时间、添加辅食时机与婴幼儿过敏性疾病相关性。结果①母乳喂养的3~6月龄和>6月龄的婴儿过敏性疾病发生率均低于人工喂养组(x值分别为4.09、4.62,均P<0.05);②母乳喂养至3~6月龄的小儿在6个月以内(包括6个月)添加辅食的过敏发生率与6个月以上添加辅食的过敏发生率比较具有显著性差异(x^2=5.93,P<0.05)。结论母乳喂养可以显著降低婴幼儿过敏性疾病的发生率,辅食应在6个月以后添加,且避免已明确的高致敏食物,以降低婴幼儿过敏性疾病对其远期的影响。

Objective To explore the correlation among feeding time with different milk, complementary food adding time and infant allergic disease. Methods During the period of January 2013 to January 2014 246 infants visiting Exhibition Road Hospital for diagnosing allergic disease were investigated with questionnaires to analyze the correlation among feeding time with different milk, different hreastfeeding time, complementary food adding time and infant allergic disease. Results The incidence of allergic disease in infants aged 3 -6 months and those older than 6-month fed with milk was lower than that in artificial feeding infants （χ^2 value was 4.09 and 4.62, respectively, both P 〈 0.05）. Among the infants fed with milk for 3 - 6 months, there was statistical difference in the incidence of allergic disease between infants adding complementary food within 6 month and those after 6 month （χ^2 = 5.93, P 〈 0.05 ）. Conclusion Breastfeeding can reduce the incidence of allergic disease in infants remarkably. Complementary food should be added after 6 months and definite highly sensitive foods should be avoided to reduce the long-term influence of allergic disease.